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Design principles for precision linear guide installation
Principle of Non-Interference of Precision: When manufacturing and using guide rails, the various precisions of the guide rails should not affect each other in order to achieve higher precision. For example
Publish Time:
2024-08-20
Source:
For precision linear guides with high requirements for geometric accuracy, motion accuracy, and positioning accuracy (such as those used in CNC machine tools and measuring machines), the following principles should be followed during design:
1. Error Compensation Principle: To achieve mutual error compensation in the guide system, the following three requirements must be met:
(1) An intermediate elastic element must be set between the guides, such as a rolling element plastic strip (sheet) or fluid film.
(2) There must be sufficient pre-tightening force between the guides to compensate for contact errors.
(3) The manufacturing error of the guide should be less than the deformation of the intermediate elastic body (element).
2. Principle of Non-Interference of Accuracy: Higher accuracy is easier to achieve when the various accuracies of the guide do not affect each other during manufacturing and use. For example, the linearity of the rectangular guide and the linearity of the side guide do not affect each other during manufacturing; changes in the transverse dimensions of the flat-V guide combination guide do not affect the working accuracy of the guide.
3. Principle of Approximating Kinetic and Static Friction Coefficients: When designing guide pairs, the kinetic and static friction coefficients of the guide contact surfaces should be as close as possible to obtain high repeat positioning accuracy and low-speed stability. Rolling guides, ordinary sliding guides with inlaid plastic plates or pasted plastic sheets have small friction coefficients and close static and dynamic friction coefficients.
4. Principle of Automatic Fitting of Guide Pairs: To ensure high guide accuracy, the guide pair must have automatic fitting characteristics. Horizontal guides can be fitted by the weight of the moving component; other guides must be fitted with additional spring force or roller pressure.
5. Principle of Full Contact: The length of the fixed guide must ensure that the moving guide is in full contact with the full length of the fixed guide at both extreme positions of the large stroke (will not exceed the fixed guide) to ensure that the guide pair is always in full contact during the contact process.
6. Principle of Compensating for Force Deformation and Thermal Deformation: When the guide and its support are subjected to force or temperature changes, the design of the guide and its support should strive to make it deform into the required shape. For example, the gantry-type machine tool's crossbeam guide is made into a convex shape to compensate for the bending deformation caused by the weight of the spindle box (or tool holder).
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